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iation Safety Officer Course Module 1.2 – Structure of Matter
PART 1
BASIC KNOWLEDGE
MODULE 1.2
STRUCTURE OF MATTER
OVERVIEW .......................................................................................... 1
1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES .................................................................. 1
1.1 Protons, Electrons and Neutrons .................................................... 2
1.2 Bohrs’ Atomic Model ................................................................... 2
SELF-CHECK 1 ................................................................................ 3
1.3 Important Atomic Terms ............................................................... 4
1.3.1 Atomic number, neutron number and atomic mass................. 4
1.3.2 Isotopes, radioisotopes, nuclides and radionuclides................ 6
SELF-CHECK 2 ................................................................................ 7
2. HOW ATOMS COMBINE ................................................................... 8
2.1. Covalent Bonds.....................................................................................8
2.2. Ionic Bonds ...........................................................................................9
SELF-CHECK 3 .............................................................................. 10
3. THE PERIODIC TABLE ................................................................... 10
SELF-CHECK 4 .............................................................................. 13
4. THE CHART OF NUCLIDES ............................................................ 13
SELF-CHECK 5 .............................................................................. 16
KEY POINTS ..................................................................................................16
APPENDIX A..................................................................................................18
Electrons in Each Shell ......................................................................... 18
APPENDIX B ..................................................................................................19
APPENDIX C ..................................................................................................21
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre – Biomedical Physics Department Page i
PART 1
BASIC KNOWLEDGE
MODULE 1.2
STRUCTURE OF MATTER
OVERVIEW .......................................................................................... 1
1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES .................................................................. 1
1.1 Protons, Electrons and Neutrons .................................................... 2
1.2 Bohrs’ Atomic Model ................................................................... 2
SELF-CHECK 1 ................................................................................ 3
1.3 Important Atomic Terms ............................................................... 4
1.3.1 Atomic number, neutron number and atomic mass................. 4
1.3.2 Isotopes, radioisotopes, nuclides and radionuclides................ 6
SELF-CHECK 2 ................................................................................ 7
2. HOW ATOMS COMBINE ................................................................... 8
2.1. Covalent Bonds.....................................................................................8
2.2. Ionic Bonds ...........................................................................................9
SELF-CHECK 3 .............................................................................. 10
3. THE PERIODIC TABLE ................................................................... 10
SELF-CHECK 4 .............................................................................. 13
4. THE CHART OF NUCLIDES ............................................................ 13
SELF-CHECK 5 .............................................................................. 16
KEY POINTS ..................................................................................................16
APPENDIX A..................................................................................................18
Electrons in Each Shell ......................................................................... 18
APPENDIX B ..................................................................................................19
APPENDIX C ..................................................................................................21
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre – Biomedical Physics Department Page i
